Explosive (sometimes literally!) growth of Li-ion batteries has enabled the electronics and electric vehicle revolutions over the past two decades, but has also raised geopolitical concerns about lithium reserve and supply. PNNL’s researchers are working toward building next-generation batteries based on new chemistries such as sodium, magnesium, zinc, and vanadium ions, along with small organic molecules which would ensure our energy security and resiliency. In particular, the organic chemistry route for new batteries is promising, but the number of possible…